Artificial-stone-burning kiln



(No ModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. BAUMANN.

ARTIFICIAL STONE BURNING KILN.

No. 267,661. PateI ted N0v.Z1, 1882.

U ITED STATES PATE T OFFICE.

ADAM BAUMANN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

AR TIFlClAL-STONE-BURNING KlLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 267,661, dated November 21, 1882.

' Application filed May 22,1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ADAM BAUMANN, of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement inArtificial-Stone-Burning Kilns, of which the following is a specificatiom My invention has reference to kilns particularly adapted to the burning of artificial stone; and it consists in providing said kiln with a number of chambers communicating with each other through the floors, said chambers being arranged one above the other and over the furnace, and the apertures, by means of which the products of combustion pass from one chamber to the next, decrease in' area as we ascend in the kiln, and in details of construction, all of which are fully set forth in the following specification, andshown in the ac-- companyin g drawings, whichform part thereof.

The object of my invention is to provide a suitable kiln in which to burn artificial pumice andwhet stones, and by which said substances may be bnrned without direct contact with the flame or products of combustion, and

' with the greatest caloric effect from a small consumption of fuel, and, further, to provide means by which the waste heat may be utilized to burn the crude sandstone, to be subsequently used in the manufacture of theartificial stones,

'to burn the'fire-bricks to be used in repairing the kiln, and also to heat the drying-roomsin which the molded artificial stones are arranged to be thoroughly dried before being placed in the kiln.

Although my improved kiln, tobe described hereinafter, is particularly adapted to burning artificial pumice-stone and Whetstone, it is also well adapted to any substance to be burned, as pottery, or limestone, 860. I

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my improved kiln on line to to, Fig. 4, and shows its connection with the dryingroom. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of same on line .2 a. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of same on line 3 y. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of same on line was, and Fig. 5 is a crosssection of same on line 2: 'v. it

M is the outer or red-brick wall, and N is the interior or fire-brick lining. The kiln is' provided with three burning-chambers, A, B,

. and O, and these are separated from each other by arched roofs or floors A and B, the chainbers being arranged one above the other.

D are the furnaces, which open into fines D, connecting with the chamber A by apertures d, which are arranged in rows, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4. Between these apertures orflues d in one direction are arranged the tightv fire-brick boxes or cellular structures, E, in which the artificial stone J is inclosed, to protect it from the direct action of the products of combustion. If desired, the furnaces D and fines D may be made into a single furnace and flue, or there may be several furnaces and only one large line. I

The chamber A is provided with sight holes or apertures L, inline with the rows of lines d, as shown in Fig. 4, by which the temperature of the interior maybe ascertained; and it is also provided with a test or sampling aperture, K, opening into the fire-brick boxes E, by which a sample of the artificial stone may be extracted for examination. This aperture K does not open into the chamber A, so as to communicate in any manner with the products of combustion, and when the kiln is in operation it may be scaled up. The chamber A communicates with chamber B by apertures or fines b b, of less area than the fines d, and thelatter of said fines, b, are made oblique, so as to convey the products of combustion and heat close up to the walls of chamber B. Chamber B communicates with chamber G by apertures or fines 0 0, similar to those, 12 I), just described, only of less area. Chamber 0 is contracted at the top, as at O, and terminates in the flue or chimney 0 provided at the top with a damper, F, actuated by chain or rodf. Each of the chambers A, B, and O are provided with charging and discharging doors H, which, when the kiln is in operation, may be sealed up by properly-constructed doors or by brick-work. The floors of chambers A, B, and G are on a level with floors I of the building I.

K is the drying-room, and is provided with shelves, upon which the artificial stone J is placed to be dried. This room K is heated when the kiln is cooling by closing the damper F and opening the aperture G, allowing all of the heat from the kiln to pass into said room. If desired, there may he more than three chambers in the kiln, but for my particnla-r purpose three are sufficient.

From thetbregoing description it will be seen that the area of the combined fines dis the greatest, and area of the fines c is the smallest.

111 operating, the fire-brick for repairing purposes is placed in chamber 0, the crude sandstone, from which to make the artificial stone, is placed in chamber B, and the artificial pumiceor whet stone J is inclosed or built with- .in the fire-brick boxes or cellular structures E and excluded from the direct action of the fiame. A fire or fires being made in the furnaces D the products of combustion and heat therefrompass through fines D, up through fines d, and between the boxes E, and escape into chamber B by apertures or fines b b, when it heats or burns the sandstone, and then throngh'the said chamber, and by fines c into the chambcrO,and,afterbnrningthe fire-brick, escapes by chimney G The products of combustion have free access to chamber A, bntthey have not free egress from it. Consequently the greatest thermal effect is produced here where it is most needed. The great concentration of the heat quickly brings the fire-brick walls N and boxes E to red or even a white heat, the heat passing through the walls of said boxes and burning the artificial stone J without glazing its outer surfaces. In addition to there being less area in the combined fines b 1) than in the fines d, the sandstone in chamber B offers an additional obstruction to the passage of said heat from chamber A'. By this means the high intensity of heat required to burn the artificial stone is obtained. An additional obstruction is offered to the escape of heat by the still less area of fines c c and the fire-brick arranged above them, yet there is at all times snfficient draft to keep up good combustion. When the heat has been raised to the right point, as seen through eye or sight holes L, and has been maintained there for a sufficient length of time, the aperture K is opened and a sample of the artificial stone J is extracted. If it is sufficiently burned, the fires are drawn or aliowed to burn out, the damper F is closed, and the aperture G is opened. The heat now passes into the dryingroom K and dries the molded stones J, arranged on shelves '2'. As soon as the kiln is cool the doors H are opened and the boxes or cellular structures E are broken open and the burned artificial pumice and whet stones removed.

I do not limit myself to the exact construction shown,asitmay be modified in many ways without departing from my invention.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A kiln adapted to burn artificial stone, having two or more compartments or chambers, arranged one above the other, and fines to admit heat to and from said chambers, the fines to admit heat to the lowest chamber having the greatest area, and those to admit heat to the upper chamber having the least area, and exits from the two lower chambers being of difi'erent sectional areas, the greater being to the lower chamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A kiln for burning artificial stone, having a chamber provided with inlet-fines for heat, arranged in rows, in combination with fire-brick boxes or cellular structures, in which the artificial stone to be burned is placed, arranged between said rows of fines, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. A kiln for burning artificial stone, having a chamber provided with inlet-fines for heat, arranged in rows, in combination with boxes or cellular structures made of fire-brick or porous material, arranged between said fines, and in which the artificial stone is placed, and exit-fines from said chamber, the latter being of less area than the inlet-fines, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4.. The combination of furnaces D, fines D d, chamber A, fines I) b, chamber B, fines c c, chamber 0, chimney O and damper I substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of furnaces D, fines D d, chamber A, fines b b, chamber B, fines c a,

chamber 0, having fine G, chimney G damper F, and drying-room K, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. The combination of furnaces D, fines D a, chamber A, having sight-holes L, and sampling-hole K, roof A, having fines forexit of heat of less area than fines d, and fire-brick boxes E, substantially as shown.

7. In a kiln, the chamber B, having inletfinesb b, the latter of which are oblique, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand.

ADAM BAUMANN.

Witnesses:

R. M. HUNTER, R. S. CHILD, Jr. 

